The corporate Governance in the Companies Act, 2013 - Free Essay Example

The corporate Governance in the Companies Act, 2013 The Companies Act, 2013 reinforces and redresses laws pertaining to companies[1]. The Companies Act, 2013 was passed by the parliament and received Presidential assent on 29th August, 2013. Some of the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 were notified in the Official Gazette on 30th August, 2013. Many of the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 continue to be in force[2]. Corporate Governance is an important aspect in the Companies Act, 2013. Under the Corporate Governance, the Board of Directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report will include disclosures involving payment of directors, service contracts and stock options details[3]. The Companies Act, 1956 existed for more than 50 years and now it is proving to be inefficient when it comes to handling challenges of a growing industry and complexities involving stakeholder interests. Therefore, the new act improves the status on governance and raises the responsibility on the Board of Directors and the Management. There are six crucial aspects to improve corporate governance. First, there must be an increase in the reporting framework. Secondly, there must be a requirement for higher auditor accountability. Thirdly, there must be availability for easier restructuring. Fourth, there must be emphasis on investor protection. Fifth, there must be an increase in the wider directors and management responsibility and there must be an inclusive CSR agenda[4]. Under the Reporting Framework[5], subsidiary, associate and joint venture companies are explained according to section 2(6) and 2(87)[6]. If the holding company owns more than 50% of the total share capital or exercises control over the board, it becomes a subsidiary company while a holding company owns at least 20% of the total share takes business decisions under an agreement, the company becomes an associate company. Also under this scheme, exemptions to a company are given only when the holding of a company is outside India. Under section 129[7], there is a compulsory requirement for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“consolidated financial statementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (CFS). CFS is the combination in the financial statements including assets of the parent company and its subsidiaries[8]. Every company has to prepare a CFS if it either has a subsidiary, associate or joint venture companies. However, when it comes to preparing a CFS, there is no exemption given. Under sections 130 and 131, there is a need for revision in the financial statement. Revision of financial statements is either made by the directors of the company when financial statements and the report made by the board contradict each other or voluntary restatement made by the board of directors for at least three years or can be made by the central government when it comes to fraudulent reporting or mismanagement in the financial statements[9]. This scheme also looks into the changes in the depreciation regulation mentioned under section 123(2) and schedule II. This includes useful life which is given preference over other standard compulsory rates. Useful life is generally defined as the time or the duration for which a particular item will be useful to business. When the meaning of useful life is taken, it should not be considered as to how long that item will last[10]. Accordin g to section 138 of the companies act, 2013[11]; it requires mandatory internal audit and reports on internal financial controls. It requires adequacy and efficiency of the internal financial controls in the reports made by the directors or the auditors only for listed entities and must be included only in auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reports for other listed entities. It requires internal audit to be made companies which are listed and all other public limited companies. The second scheme for the corporate governance is higher auditor accountability which allows maximum twenty audits for an individual partner of a firm[12]. An individual auditor is eligible for at least five years and for partnership audit firms, it involves another five years. The auditor will also be given a five year cooling time after completion of the previous term. The new auditor cannot be related to the leaving auditor in terms of an associate or a network firm. According to the rules of the draft, the pre-commencement term will apply for calculating the balance validity of the present auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s occupancy. A large number of restrictions regarding non-audit services can be supplied by the auditors. Most of the non-audit services have to be approved by the board before itself[13]. Responsibility of the auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report mainly depends on what the auditor report will cover. The auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report will have to cover six sections. First, it must contain observations, comments involving financial transactions. Second, they must cover qualification or the remark regarding the maintenance of the accounts. Third, whether there is adequacy of internal financial control systems and its efficiency. Fourth, it must contain the disclosure of pending litigation on the financial post. Fifth, it must explain the provisions made for foreseeable losses on a long term and sixth it must cover the delays in depositing money into the IEPF. IEPF is the I nvestor Education and Protection Fund which was established under section 205C of the Companies Act, 1956[14]. Under the second scheme, there must be a report made to the Audit Committee when it is related to fraud committed by the companies own employees against it and must be made to the central government if done frequently. The third scheme involves easier restructuring which refers to rationalizing multilayered structures[15]. Under these structures, it allows at most only two investment SPV company levels which are allowed between the investor company and the invested company. SPV is the special purpose vehicle which is a subsidiary of a company that tries to separate the risk from the parent company by looking after the assets and its liabilities through a separate balance sheet.[16]Exemptions can be given while acquiring overseas subsidiary with multilayers which is allowed by the foreign law and when multi-layering is considered by any law in force. Under this sche me, there is a need for simplifying procedures when it involves a merger which is provided under section 232 of the companies act, 2013[17]. The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) can approve the schemes made by the restructuring companies instead of the High Court (HC)[18]. The Auditor must ratify that the accounting treatment mentioned in the scheme made by these companies comply with the accounting standard for either the listed, unlisted or private companies. Also, for the merger to take place there must be consent from the majority of the members. The merger of the company is allowed to be under the unlisted companies only when there is an exit opportunity that is given to the public shareholders and when the valuation is done accordingly by the SEBI guidelines. Section 236 of the companies act, 2013 requires all shareholders owning more than 90% of the share capital will have to declare the intent to buy-out the balance equity shares. Under section 247, exit assessment ca n be done by the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Registered Valuerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The registered valuer is to issue mechanisms for the valuation of several assets and liabilities involving the company[19]. Under section 234, cross border merger is allowed which involves merger of an Indian company with a foreign company. Here, the central government has to make rules for consultation with the RBI and it is important that the merger is approved by the NCLT and the consideration can be made only in cash or depository receipts[20]. Under section 233 of the Companies Act, 2013; the merger between two companies without the approval of the NCLT is possible when there are two or smaller companies or when there is a holding and completely owned subsidiary or when there is prescribed types of companies. There must be a declaration of the solvency that has to be submitted. The consent has to be given by members who own more than 90% of the shares owned. Section 66 of the companies act requires that no share capital reduction will be allowed for a company that has overdue deposit. It does not allow buy- back within a year nor does it allow buy-back after three years from rectifying any defaults on deposits or term loans. In case of buy-back or capital reduction, there is a requirement of the auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s certificate involving conditions from either section 66 or 68. Buy-back is the repurchase of outstanding shares by a company in order to reduce the number of shares in the market and companies will attempt to buy-back in order to increase the value of the shares[21]. The fourth scheme is on emphasizing investor protection[22]. Section 188 of the Companies Act, 2013 permits transactions to be made in an ordinary course of business on armà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s length transactional basis. Armà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s length transaction is a transaction where there is no control over one another[23]. It is a transaction that is made between the seller and the buyer who act independently and are in no relation with each other[24]. Here there is no requirement to get the approval of the central government. Approval will be required from the board only when there are no transactions made in the ordinary course or is not at armà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s length. A special resolution is required for non- armà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s length transactions and if they are not in the ordinary courses where the share capital is greater than ten million or if the goods acquired, leasing of property transactions exceed 20% of the net worth or appointment to any office involving profits where the monthly payments is more than one lakh. Sections 125, 194 and 195 of the companies act, 2013 requires directors or the Key Managerial Personnel (KMP) to refrain from forward dealing or buying options in shares or debentures of a company. Here, Key Managerial Personnel are the employees of a company who have play as key players in the company and show great responsibility in the f unctioning of the company inclusive of protecting the interest of the stake holders[25]. Here, the forward deal is a transaction which includes the purchase or sale which comes with a settlement that will arise in the specified future[26]. Debentures hold no collateral and the only source of backing them is through the reputation of the issuer and buyers purchase debentures depending upon the issuer thinking that the issuer will not default on the repayment[27]. No employee or employer including the director and the KMPs having entry to information that is not public should be allowed to have insider trading relationships. Sections 241 to 246 of the Companies Act, 2013 specifies that members or the depositors have to declare to the tribunal if the company conducts have bias for their own interests. In case of fraudulent acts or any other wrongful acts, action suits can be filed on the company or its directors, the auditor or the audit firm and the advisor or the consultant. Only 10% of the members of the total number of members or 10% of the depositors of the total depositors or members who own more than 10% of the issued share capital or depositors who own more than 10% of the outstanding value of deposits are allowed to file an action suit. A companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s stocks owned by the shareholders that include both restricted shares as well as share blocks are the outstanding shares[28]. The Senior Fraud Investigation Officer (SFIO) is made a statutory body with important powers and under this scheme; the idea of fraud risk mitigation requires the compulsory establishment of mechanisms to directors or managers to report any kind of concerns. Under the next theme, it lays down mandatory management responsibility and wider director[29] where under section 149 of the companies act, 2013, there is stricter responsibility and accountability imposed by the code of professional conduct. A maximum of only five more years can be extended by another fi ve years only through a special resolution. The directors can be held liable for acts with knowledge and is extractable from the board and only with his consent. Under this scheme, declaration of independence is compulsory every year and stock options are not permitted when there are fees and commissions made from profits. All independent directors must hold an annual meeting and no non-independent directors or KMP or senior management are allowed. Section 177 of the companies act, 2013[30] explains the composition of the audit committee. It is compulsory for the mentioned companies to constitute an audit committee and there should be more than three directors with the majority being independent directors. Both the chairperson as well as the independent directors must be well efficient in reading and understanding financial statements. Finally, the responsibilities given to the audit committee is to recommend appointment, payment of the auditors and monitor their independence and efficiency. Then, examine the financial statements and the auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report, approve party transactions, undertake asset valuation, assess internal financial controls and risk management systems and finally supervise the use of funds through public offers. Section 134 explains the contents in the directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report under which all companies require devised proper systems to ensure proper compliance with the laws made in India. Directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report must also include taking proper and sufficient care for maintaining ample accounting records for protecting assets and preventing and identifying fraud and must include the development and implementation of a risk management policy. In the report, the specified and listed companies must express that the internal financial controls are laid and are functioning efficiently and that the performance evaluation of the board members have been carried out. The final theme included for the corp orate governance in the companies act, 2013 is the inclusive CSR agenda[31]. The CSR agenda is the Corporate Social Responsibility which aims to help companies achieve in creating wealth jobs and answers to many challenges faced[32]. The CSR covers all companies if either the turnover is more than INR 10 billion or net worth is more than NR five billion or net profit is more than INR fifty million is fulfilled. The contribution made by the CSR is to be two percent of the average net profit before tax for three years. The contribution made will be listed under schedule VII. The board will appoint a three member CSR committee including an independent director where the committee will devise the CSR policy, recommend CSR activities and monitor CSR expenditure. There must be compulsory reporting on the CSR under section 135. When there is no requirement for companies to appoint independent contractors under section 149 but a company does go to the situation under section 135[33], the n it becomes compulsory for the company to appoint an independent contractor. When there is a failure to spend, reasons have to be disclosed and penalties to be imposed for non-disclosures. The Companies Act, 2013 brings about the changes to the structure of the board of directors. The companies act, 2013 requires the board of directors to be differentiated into resident director, independent director and a woman director[34]. The Companies Act, 1956 did not specify that companies should appoint independent directors but under new provisions such as in clause 49 of the Listing Agreement is a document in which the company will sign when it is being listed on the stock exchange and it promises to follow the rules and regulations set by the stock exchange[35]. [1] Ministry Of Corporate Affairs The Companies Act, https://www.mca.gov.in/MinistryV2/companiesact.html (last visited Nov 29, 2014). [2] Ibid. [3] Companies Act, 2013 2(4) part 2. [4]RAISING THE BAR ON GOVERNANCE COMPANIES ACT, 2013, https://www.kpmg.com/IN/en/Documents/Companies_Act_2013_Raising_the_bar_on_Governance.pdf (last visited Nov 30, 2014). [5] Ibid. [6]Companies Act, 2013, 2. [7] Companies Act, 2013, 129. [8]Consolidated Financial Statements Definition | Investopedia, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consolidatedfinancialstatement.asp (last visited Nov 30, 2014). [9] Supra n(4). [10] Useful Life Definition | Investopedia, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/usefullife.asp (last visited Nov 30, 2014). [11] Companies Act, 2013, 131. [12] Supra n(4). [13] Ibid. [14]Investor Education and Protection Fund Archives Spotlight: National Portal of India, https://www.archive.india.gov.in/spotlight/spotlight_archive.php?id=21 (last visited Dec 6, 2014). [15] Supra n(4). [16] SPV financial definition of SPV, https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/SPV (last visited Dec 2, 2014). [17] Companies Act, 2013, 232. [18] Supra n(4). [19] Registered Valuers Under Companies Act, 2013, https://taxguru.in/company-law/registered-valuers-companies-act-2013.html (last visited Dec 2, 2014). [20] Supra n(4). [21]Buyback Definition | Investopedia, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/buyback.asp (last visited Dec 2, 2014). [22] Supra n(4). [23] Armà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Length Legal Definition, https://www.duhaime.org/LegalDictionary/A/ArmsLength.aspx (last visited Dec 2, 2014). [24] Armà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Length Transaction Definition | Investopedia, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/armslength.asp (last visited Dec 2, 2014). [25] Key Managerial Personnel Companies act 2013, https://www.corporate-cases.com/2012/07/key-managerial-personnel.html (last visited Dec 2, 2014). [26] Wh at is Forward Deal? definition and meaning, https://www.investorwords.com/2062/forward_deal.html (last visited Dec 2, 2014). [27] Debenture Definition | Investopedia, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debenture.asp (last visited Dec 2, 2014). [28] Outstanding Shares Definition | Investopedia, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/outstandingshares.asp (last visited Dec 2, 2014). [29] Supra n(4). [30] Companies Act, 2013, 177. [31] Supra n(4). [32] European Commission PRESS RELEASES Press release Corporate Social Responsibility: a new definition, a new agenda for action, https://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-11-730_en.htm (last visited Dec 4, 2014). [33] Companies Act, 2013, 135. [34] Companies Act 2013: Greater Emphasis On Governance Through The Board And Board Processes Corporate/Commercial Law India, https://www.mondaq.com/india/x/319480/Corporate+Governance/Companies+Act+2013+Greater+Emphasis+On+Governance+Through+The+Board+And+Board+Processes (last visited Dec 6, 2014). [35]What is Listing Agreement? definition and meaning, https://www.investorwords.com/10199/Listing_Agreement.html (last visited Dec 5, 2014).

Gone With The Wind Film Review - Free Essay Example

Academy award winning Gone With the Wind is a classic that will forever remain among some of the greatest love stories. This story follows Scarlett OHara as her life changes drastically before, during, and after the civil war. Scarlett faces death, famine and poverty as she attempts to maintain her home, the OHara plantation, and tries to find the love of Ashley Wilkes. As the story begins we learn of Scarletts love for Ashley as she attends a barbeque party at the Twelve Oaks plantation. Scarlett is soon faced with the delima that the love of her life is not only getting married to another woman, but hes also headed to war. The civil war strikes the South and soon every young man Scarlett has known is sent off to war, many of which will never return. The beginning of the war truly marks the beginning of the hardest of times Scarlett faces. Throughout this essay I will compare and contrast how accurately Gone With the Wind represented the South during and after the Civil war. The American civil war began on April 12, 1861 when the confederates invaded Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina (History.com editors). The North and the South were divided and tensions were high. The Union (The North) wished to free all slaves and maintain the U.S. as one country while the Confederacy (The South) were fighting for their rights to own slaves and wished to separate from the North in order to form their own government. The confederacy felt that it was their God given right to own slaves and even had men that would travel and give sermons on the matter (Vail). Threats of secession had arose in years prior but it wasnt until the election of Abraham Lincoln, which the south felt was an act of war, that any of the states actually took action (History.com editors). Shortly after his election the first seven slave states seceded and the civil war began (McPherson). At the beginning of the war, men in the South had a very patriotic outlook on the war which was very well represented in the movie during the barbeque party (Vail). War was the top subject of discussion by many of the men in the movie, they all wished that the war would start and hoped that they could go off and fight for their country. Rhett made a comment about the war being ridiculous and the men began to treat him as if he was a traitor and he was forced to leave. The war brought famine and poverty across the South and soon food became at such shortage the confederate soldiers were forced to have fasting days (Vail). In the movie we see that all of the crops quickly disappear along with the farm animals and wine as the army confiscated what they could for their men. All able bodied men were taken to be used for the war efforts which left the women at home struggling to keep the farms running and support their children. Men were initially enlisted for one year periods but that soon led to every man between the ages of 18-35 were to serve as needed (History.com editors). Death tolls began rising quickly and the confederates soon didnt have enough men which left them to resort to using slaves they removed from plantations. In the movie all but three of the slaves that were working the OHara plantation were taken and used for digging trenches for the confederate soldiers. Women during the war were left with many duties to uphold such as maintaining homes, caring for children and acting as nurses in makeshift hospitals much like Scarlett did (History.com editors). Scarlett served with Melanie, her true loves wife, in a hospital that was set up in a church. The floors were covered with dying and dead soldiers that were in terrible condition which soon became so bad that Scarlett couldnt stand to work anymore. There was a scene where the camera panned out and there was hundreds if not thousands of bodies laid out in the street which I feel was a bit of a dramatic representation. Doctors were too busy trying to keep up with the new incomes of dying soldiers that they couldnt help anyone else, Melanie began to give birth to her child but there wasnt a doctor that could stop to help deliver the baby so Scarlett had to step up and act as a nurse in order to deliver the child. She took Melanie and her new baby back to the OHara plantation hoping her mother wo uld be able to help but she soon learned that her mother had died of typhoid like many others. As the war came close to ending, Scarlett took on the responsibility of repairing her home but the only people available to help here were her sisters and the few slaves that hadnt been taken. The women all worked together in the fields and around the house to rebuild the farm so they would have enough food, however most wealthy families depended on their slaves to run their farms sense they never had to do it themselves (History.com editors). As the war ended many wounded soldiers ended up at the plantation so they could be taken care of by the women and slaves which was very similar to reality (History.com editors). The men slowly began to return home and the help that was much needed around the plantation was met but along came new challenges. The North raised taxes extremely high which left Scarlett desperate to find money. In conclusion I feel that Gone With the Wind did a very good job at representing the civil war. While several things may have been dramatized such as the scene in which the town appears to be burning down, the director represented the war pretty well. Many of the important details of the war were covered such as how enthusiastic the men were about the war before it began and how high the number of deaths was. They showed the roles of women in the war efforts and just how rough it got in towns in the South while the war was raging on. There was a good bit of the movie that is devoted to the love story that progresses for Scarlett which does lead to some details being overdramatized but I still believe that this movie represented the South very well.

The Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver - 1295 Words

Imperialism has been a strong and long lasting force, oppressing societies for generations on end. The Poisonwood Bible, by Barbara Kingsolver, demonstrates how the Congo is continuously affected by this concept and ideology. Throughout this story, Kingsolver manipulates each family member and individual within the book, to better show Western and European ideas and attitudes, to convey the large amount of hypocrisy, in foreigner’s actions. No one shows the oppression, inflicted upon the Congo’s people in hope of spreading imperialism, better than the main characters in this story. Nathans only goal is to convert all of the native people’s beliefs to Christianity. By hoping to doing this, they will be able to grasp control and establish their dominance upon the village. This can be seen through Orleannas thoughts, â€Å"Call it oppression, complicity stupefaction, call it what you’d like, it doesn’t matter. Africa swallowed the conqueror’s m usic and sang a new song of her own† (Kingsolver 385). Kingsolver shows that individuals are always going to want and demand control, however the victims of this oppression will fight past it and won’t give in. Many people have come before the Price family, trying to do the same thing. However, the natives are smarter than to give into their new ideologies. Arrogance in this book is a large part in the story’s underlining meaning. Eeben, the pilot only delivers supplies to the Price’s when he can. What he really does all day is hunt forShow MoreRelatedThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1124 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel The Poisonwood Bible, written by Barbara Kingsolver, the reader is introduced to the Price family, Baptist missionaries who are attempting to â€Å"Christianize† the country of Congo, more specifically the village of Kilanga. As the story progresses, the family realizes that they are not changing the Congo; instead, the Congo is changing them. The development of the characters within the novel is due to the instrument of cruelty. Although distasteful to regard it as such, cruelty motivatesRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1352 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful. In the beginning of The Poisonwood Bible, Orleanna introduces to the readers in a third person’s point of view, â€Å"The daughters march behind her, each one tensed to fire off a woman’s heart on a different path to glory or damnation† (5). Orleanna, a mother who lives throughout the story of The Poisonwood Bible, acknowledges how women, in great numbers, are found walking down the path of trying to be successful. The Poisonwood Bible, by Barbara Kingsolver, involves the Price family of 6, whichRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe Poisonwood Bible Nowadays, in today’s society, survival is considered the basic instinct of all humans. Commonly defined as the state of â€Å"continuing to live or exist, in spite of an accident, ordeal or difficult circumstance,†(Dictionary) survival teaches us the will to succeed and face adversity despite the challenges and obstacles we may encounter along the way. In Barbara Kingsolver’s novel â€Å" The Poisonwood Bible,† there is a central theme of survival. Whether it includes finding suppliesRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1198 Words   |  5 PagesPeriod 2 Part I Title: The Poisonwood Bible Author: Barbara Kingsolver Date of Original Publication: 1998 Biographical information about the author (five facts): -Kingslover was born in 1955 - Throughout her life, she has lived in England, France, and the Canary Islands, and has worked in Europe, Africa, Asia, Mexico, and South America. - Kingsolver was named one the most important writers of the 20th Century by Writers Digest. - Her work, The Poisonwood Bible, was a finalist for the PulitzerRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1241 Words   |  5 Pagespast and present known society, women have not been treated as the full equals of men. A woman s main value is to support a man, bear children, and housekeeping duties. This is how it has always been in most cultures. The novel, The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver, shows the paternalistic society in which the Price family lives in. In 1959 an obstinate Baptist minister named Nathan Price drags his wife and four daughters deep into the heart of the Congo on a mission to save the unenlightenedRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1807 Words   |  8 Pageshalf of humanity, for the benefit of all†. Feminism, the act of advocating for female rights in order for them to be equal to those of men, has been an issue for hundreds of years that is sadly lacking present-day progression. In The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingso lver, five females narrate their experiences in Congo during the sixties under not only the Belgian’s rule, but more terribly, under the tyranny of Nathan Price, a Baptist preacher on a mission to convert â€Å"arrogant† Congolese people intoRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe Poisonwood Bible 1998 Historical Fiction Characteristics: Unique location, Primitivism, different ways of speaking and racial views Barbara Kingsolver Barbara Kingsolver, born in 1955, grew up in Kentucky and lived in many different countries such as : England, France, and Canary Islands. She attended Debauw University and University of Arizona where she earned a biology degree. Kingsolver now is a beloved author of eleven books and has been named the most important author of the twentieth centuryRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1961 Words   |  8 PagesThe poisonwood Bible is a book about identity, growing up and family. The main characters throughout the book grow and learn to become new people through new relationships they develop while in the Congo as well as through struggles they face while in the Congo. Barbara Kingsolver uses the literary elements of plot, the characters, and point of view to develop the characterization and relationships between the Price family in the Poisonwood Bible. Throughout the book Kingsolver uses different aspectsRead MoreEssay on The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver919 Words   |  4 Pagesa sure sense of self. But along with all these great things come regret, guilt, and shame of past events. Everyone deals with these in different ways, sometimes turning to religion and denial as coping mechanisms. In the novel The Poisonwood Bible, By Barbara Kingsolver, each member of the Price family deals with a personal guilt either gained while on their mission in the Congo or long before. This novel exemplifies the different types of guilt the Price family experienced throughout their stay inRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver2015 Words   |  9 PagesThe Poisonwood Bible, written by Barbara Kingsolver, details the experiences of a missionary family in the Congo, narrated by the Price women. Multiple questions are introduced over the course of the novel, some being answered and others not so much. One important theme in the novel is the influence of surroundings on the characters, specifically Leah Price. Leah Price arguably went through the most change and development as a result of her surroundings and environment. Her moral, psychological change

The And The Denial Of Conspiracy - 2175 Words

4 April 2015 9/11 and the Denial of Conspiracy Often people take things at face value without any interest in critically analyzing the authenticity of what he or she hears. 9/11 has been remembered as a day of fear and pain as thousands of families suffered losing loved ones to al-Qaeda. For four years Osama Bin Laden denied responsibility for the September 11 attacks of 2001 which mark the deadliest day on American soil in history, claiming that the current leader of the Islamic state at the time denied Osama the right to exercise the power to perform operations such as 9/11 (Avery: â€Å"Loose Change†). Though presumed the culprit, Osama denied any involvement in the incident for years before admitting in a video released by the Pentagon,†¦show more content†¦The possibility of financial gain from the event by Larry Silverstein and stock holders and the benefits of a psychological attack on the American people by the Bush Administration are what have been understood as the reasons for unrest (Avery: â€Å"Lo ose Change†). Though shocking evidence and explanation has been presented the majority of the American public refuses to believe in the 9/11 conspiracy or even consider it. Whether it be because of lack of interest or because of the inability to find logic in believing 9/11 was an inside job, more attention needs to be put forth at the possibility of conspiracy. By analyzing the psychological studies of commenters on 9/11 conspiracy videos, shocking results can be found that can explain why there isn’t enough interest in conspiracies. Whether it be a lack of interest due to its minimal effect on one’s personal life or a wish to avoid government attention due to a fear of getting involved in something he or she shouldn’t, there is a need to put more attention forth toward the conspiracy theory that is in plain view and easily accessible for research. The most controversial flight in the 9/11 conspiracy, rivaled only by the disappearance of Flight 77, is the damage done to the pentagon. The first mystery surrounding this event was the impossibility of a Boeing

The Romantic Period Of William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor...

The Romantic period was primarily an intellectual movement filled with and moved by art, and literature. The era is seen by many as an outbreak or revolt against the â€Å"norms,† not only that but many see the movement as one of the main reactions to the rationalization of both science and nature as well, the era that some would refer to as the Enlightenment. When thought of or talked about today Romanticism is more commonly associated with liberalism and radicalism. The movement was based on the idea that intense emotion could actually be used as an actual and valid source, it also confronted the sublimity of nature and many, if not all, of its picturesque qualities. This period was home to many great writers, writers such as Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Mary Shelley. One can imagine that among the many topics that preoccupied the many different works and ideas of these Romantic poets and writers was the Romantic conception of sublim e, or idea of being able to connect to one’s own experiences of awe and other emotions like those of terror or even danger. The writers and poets of the Romantic era would no doubt have been familiar with this concept. In fact, this the Romantic conception of sublime shows up repeatedly throughout Mary Shelley’s work, Frankenstein. Shelley is able to bring the idea of sublimity into her text by not only using her imagination, and the thoughts and ideas of her colleagues and fellow writers, but also byShow MoreRelatedThe Romantic Movement1322 Words   |  5 PagesThe Romantic Movement, known for its emphasis on the emotional aspect of literature, was a period when such novels as Frankenstein; or the Modern Prometheus were written, being very different than novels written before this era. Romantic thinkers and writers, such as Mary Shelley, believed that imagination was the crucial way of thinking. They often depicted their heroes in their novels as â€Å"creative arti sts† that are determined to push beyond society’s restrictions and ways of life. Mary Shelley wasRead MoreThe Beauty Of Nature By Mary Shelley1637 Words   |  7 Pagesrespect given to such a beautiful creation by members of society is widely reflected in Romantic poetry. The romantic era began in 1798, where writers such as William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge expressed their opinions and feelings towards nature. Overall such writers typically express a positive outlook on the natural world around them, however some stray the other way. Specifically Coleridge and Wordsworth began to express the feeling of disconnect towards nature. Both writers began to feelRead More The Romanticism Period 1174 Words   |  5 Pagesmore when they understand the time period the author wrote during and the way they wrote. There are several time periods different authors have been through with each period having specific beliefs. Romanticism is the time period that interests m e the most; it was a time during the eighteenth century and focused on nature along with the individual’s expression of imagination and emotion. The Romanticism period started in 1789 and lasted till 1830. This time period was a major international movementRead MoreEssay about British Romanticism1831 Words   |  8 Pagessimilar answer given back in Romantic Great Britain, but to a whole new degree. British Romanticism was a reaction against technology as well as a cry to turn back to the beauty of nature, and its advocating troops held no more than a pen and paper in hand (Lorcher). 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The Romantics believedRead MoreEssay about Romanticism1678 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism, Romanticism, in a way, was a reaction against rigid Classicism, Rationalism, and Deism of the eighteenth century. Strongest in application between 1800 and 1850, the Romantic Movement differed from country to country and from romanticist to romanticist. Because it emphasized change it was an atmosphere in which events occurred and came to affect not only the way humans thought and expressed them, but also the way they lived socially and politically (Abrams, M.H. Pg. 13). â€Å"RomanticismRead MoreMany Of The Main Ideas Behind The Literary Movement Of1603 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism can be seen in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. 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There was political tumult during this period due to the French revolution and the Industrial revolution. This compelled the poets to searchRead MoreIn What Ways Does Frankenstein Complicate the Romanticist Conceptions of Creativity and Individualism? Make Reference to Frankenstein and at Least One Other Romanticist Text.1884 Words   |  8 Pages Mary Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, complies with all the fundamental principles associated with Romanticism; use of the supernatural and sublime, especially with regards for nature, thus leading to pantheism, compassion and a sense of morality towards humankind, individual freedom and rebellion against contextual societal constraints. Shelley, however, defies the Romantic principle of individual creativity, evident from the constant references to authentic Romantic works such as Samuel TaylorRead MoreOrientalism : The Romantic Era Of British Literature And Meshes Essay2475 Words   |  10 Pages Set I 1. Orientalism played a huge role in the Romanticism movement. Romantic orientalism expands the key points of the romantic era of British literature and meshes it with the exotic nature or the oriental fantasy of the east. The romantic period in Britain was recognized as a time of global travel and exploration, accession of colonies all over the world, and development of imperialist ideologies that rationalized the British takeover of distant territories. Many of the poets of the nineteenth

Satire and Stereotyping in the Birth of a Nation and...

Spike Lees film Bamboozled (2000), cinematically stages American mass entertainments history of discrimination with humiliating minstrel stereotypes which was first brought to film in 1915 by D.W. Griffiths The Birth of a Nation. ‘Blackface minstrelsy is a disturbing legacy that began as a tradition in the early 1800s on stage, with white actors using burnt corks to darken their skin and allowing them to portray African-American slaves, usually as lazy, child-like providers of comic relief (4). This eventually evolved into Vaudeville-style parody shows consisting of songs, dances and comic skits. This tradition represented an accepted way of looking at African-Americans and was the first form of American mass culture that created†¦show more content†¦For example the audience may believe that the masked Ku Klux Klan riders were white behind their masks and have in reality may have tried to forget that many of the fleeing African Americans were actually white actors. American whiteness as articulated by Birth of a Nation is built on stereotypes, and this is precisely why minstrelsy might have the power to resist racism. Minstrel performances relied on stereotypes to evoke their opposites. It is possible to assume that the discourse of mass entertainment from its minstrel days to current film and possibly beyond, recognizing and accepting blackface conventions and stereotypes were key, almost necessary conditions of American whiteness. Minstrelsy took the productive ambivalence inherent to the stereotype and magnified it to increase the stereotypes inevitable undoing of itself (4). But in Birth of a Nation, the determining concept of the stereotype that makes sense is disrupted by the inevitable context provided by narrative: in the films narrative, African-Americans are seen gently working and playing for their masters benefit prior to the Civil War. This stereotypical representation draws on myths that blackface minstrelsy seemed to ally to the politics of white supremacy; it worked to promote propaganda. Prior to the Civil War, the film explains African-Americans were docile and happy on the plantation because of slave laws imposed by

International Journal Information Research -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Journal Information Research? Answer: Introduction: The assessment mainly aims in identifying the value of inventories depicted in the annual report of JB Hi-Fi Limited. The measures used by the organization in valuing their inventory are adequately depicted in the following assessment. Accounting policies used by JB Hi-Fi Limited in their annual report are also evaluated to identify the actual standards that was used by the company in valuing their inventory. Furthermore, relevant identification is conducted on whether the inventory is valued under lower cost and net realizable value rule. Lastly, the annual report is evaluated to identify the actual cost of sales conducted by the group of companies during the fiscal year. Depicting the value placed in consolidated groups inventories at the end of the current year: From the overall evaluation of the above image adequate inventory levels maintained by JB Hi-Fi Limited during the fiscal year of 2017 are adequately depicted. The consolidated inventory levels are mainly at $859.9 million, which is relatively higher than previous fiscal year (Jbhifi.com.au 2018). The central inventory valuation is mainly identified from the notes to financial account, adequate adjustments conducted towards inventories are depicted. Moreover, the consolidated inventories hold total group inventory value which is incurred by the organization during the fiscal year. Inventories of the organization mainly increased from $546.4 million in 2016 to $859.9 million in 2017. In this context, Bodie, Kane and Marcus (2014) stated that investors with the help of inventory valuation can be identify whether demand for the stocks are adequately supported by customer. On the other hand, Chouhan, Soral and Chandra (2017) argued that increment in inventory value directly indicates no sales conducted by the organization during the fiscal year. This could eventually mean that the continuous purchase of inventories is blocking companys cash reserves. Determining the accounting policies used by JB Hi-Fi Limited for the valuation of inventories: The company adequately utilizes AASB accounting policy for identifying the relevant valuation of inventories. Inventory are mainly stated at lower of cost and realizable value, which could directly affect the actual valuation of the inventory recorded in annual report. In addition, the overall cost is mainly assigned with the help of weighted average cost (Jbhifi.com.au 2018). This relevant valuation mainly allows the organization to detect the actual value of the inventory after deducting all the relevant cost incurred and its operations. this valuation and recognition method directly have sent affecting the actual value of the inventory maintained by JB Hi-Fi Limited. Haribhai-Pitamber and Dhurup (2014) mentioned that with the help of inventory valuation organizations can produce actual face value of their inventory to the investor, which could depict their actual financial position. On the other hand, Feng et al. (2014) argued that some of the companies use an article measures in valuing their inventory, which allows them to inflate their financial condition during the fiscal year. This valuation of the inventory is mainly based on the assumption made by the management, which is conducted every year to identify actual value of their inventors. The key assumptions mainly help in identifying the overall values of the inventory which is at selling price list all estimated cost. The valuation mainly helps the management of JB Hi-Fi to identify the actual value of their inventory, which is adequately depicted in the annual report (Jbhifi.com.au 2018). Depicting whether the any inventories were valued using the lower cost and net realisable value rule: All the inventory is present in JB Hi-Fi valued using low cost and net realizable value rule, which helps in depicting the actual value of their inventory (Jbhifi.com.au 2018). This valuation mainly helps in identifying the actual inventory value currently present within the organization and depict their actual current assets. Nisha (2015) mentioned that with the adequate inventory valuation method organizations can identify the actual current assets held during the fiscal year. This relevant detection of inventory mainly allowed JB Hi-Fi Limited depict their actual inventory level in the annual report. On the contrary, SHI et al. (2015) argued that companies using different inventory valuation method can put adequate valuation of their inventory in the annual report, which directly inflates the financial position. Depicting how much is reported as the cost of sales of the group of companies: The above figure millions in identifying the profit and loss statement of JB Hi-Fi Limited during the financial year of 2017. Within the profit and loss statement relevant cost of sales conducted by the organization during the fiscal year is adequately detected. This relevant cost of sales has mainly increased during the fiscal year, due to high sales conducted by the organization. The relevant cost of sales has a relatively increased in 2017 from $3,069.1 million in 2016 to $4,397.5 million in 2017 (Jbhifi.com.au 2018). This incremental cost of sales is due to the revenue generated by the company during the fiscal year. Wild (2017) stated that investors use cost of sales to identify the actual gross profit of the organization, which is derived from actual sales conducted during the fiscal year. However, some of the companies have high administrative expenses, which reduces the actual net profit in curd during the fiscal year. Conclusion: The assessment is mainly conducted to identify the inventory valuation system that is currently used by JB hi fi Limited. The organization directly uses low cost and net realizable value to identify their actual inventory value during the fiscal year. In addition, the assessment also conducts relevant valuation of inventory levels that is used by organization during the fiscal year. Adequate cost of sales for the group company also detected, which is relatively higher than previous fiscal year due to high accumulation of inventory. Accounting policies laid down by AASB is directly used by JB Hi-Fi to evaluate their inventory in their annual report. References Bodie, Z., Kane, A. and Marcus, A.J., 2014.Investments, 10e. McGraw-Hill Education. Cassell, C.A., Myers, L.A. and Seidel, T.A., 2015. Disclosure transparency about activity in valuation allowance and reserve accounts and accruals-based earnings management.Accounting, Organizations and Society,46, pp.23-38. Chouhan, V., Soral, G. and Chandra, B., 2017. Activity based costing model for inventory valuation.Management Science Letters,7(3), pp.135-144. Feng, M., Li, C., McVay, S.E. and Skaife, H., 2014. Does ineffective internal control over financial reporting affect a firm's operations? Evidence from firms' inventory management.The Accounting Review,90(2), pp.529-557. Haribhai-Pitamber, H.U. and Dhurup, M., 2014. Inventory control and valuation systems among retail SMEs in a developing country: An exploratory study.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(8), p.81. Jbhifi.com.au. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.jbhifi.com.au/Documents/2017%20Annual%20Report.pdf [Accessed 24 Jan. 2018]. Malaescu, I. and Sutton, S.G., 2014. The reliance of external auditors on internal audit's use of continuous audit.Journal of Information Systems,29(1), pp.95-114. Nisha, N., 2015. Inventory valuation practices: A developing country perspective.International Journal of Information Research and Review,2(7), pp.867-874.